Friday, February 19, 2016

M2U5A1 - Cultures and Languages in Education

Cultures and Languages in Education
M2U5A1


The enrollment for school year 2015-16 at ICSA was 430 students coming from 58 countries, in which there is 12 percent of students who are identified as English language learners (ELLs). In this writing, I focus on the two groups amongst ELLs, Japanese students coming from Japan and Lebanese students growing up in Ivory Coast, the host country.

For the Japanese students, most of them were born in Japan and have been received some certain levels of the Japanese education system. They speak their mother tongue and write Japanese scripts. The written language uses three scripts.  These are the kanji (Chinese characters, pictures representing words), hiragana (for Japanese words), and the katakana (for foreign "loan" words), which are syllable scripts that use modified Chinese characters.  Romaji (Latin alphabet) also gets frequent use in modern usage of Japanese for things like logos, entering text into computers, advertising, and company names. Japanese characters were originally written by brush, and later by pen and pencil, so the stroke order is important. When writing by hand, and particularly in cursive or calligraphic styles, using proper stroke order is crucial. Additionally, some characters look very similar but are written differently. Students who practice both reading and writing can easily distinguish these characters, but students who only practice reading may find it difficult.

Japanese community in this school is well known by their harmony in any event or project we do. Their children come to this school following their parents’ work, business, or mission. Japanese students are recognized by their discipline, time punctuation, good behavior, and collectivism. They respect teachers, seniors, and masculinity. In group work, they are motivated team players, attentive listeners, and critical thinkers. They follow decisions of teachers and group leaders, and rarely challenge superiors in public. Almost Japanese students work hard and always try their best in any assignments, homework, and assessments. Parents send and pick up their children every day, and always find time to discuss with teachers about their child’s issues, progress, and integration. Japanese parents care not only about their child’s education but also school’s events. They voluntarily work as room parents, participate in PTO’s activities, respond immediately to classroom’s projects or assignments. 

In contrast, the Lebanese population in Ivory Coast is large. They immigrated to this country since 1920 and began with commerce and trading, then expanded their scale of enterprise and began to displace independent European merchants and gradually dominate the local economy. The majority of their children, who are born and growing up here either join French schools or American school. Generally, Lebanese children speak Arabic at home and fluently French as the local language. Arabic belongs to the group of Semitic alphabetical scripts in which mainly the consonants are represented in writing, while the markings of vowels is optional. The basic Arabic alphabet contains 28 letters. Many letters look similar but are distinguished from one another by dots. Both printed and written Arabic are cursive and Arabic alphabets are developed as a form of art, calligraphic styles.

Lebanese community in this school is popular and children registered in ELL program are those who switch from the French schools or just start school from home. Children often go to school every day with their caregivers. Parents are only present in Parent Teacher Conferences. For some families, the communication with parents has to go either through caregivers or interpreters since parents speak French or Arabic while teachers speak English. Since children depend or spend most of their time at home with caregivers, they can hardly exhibit independent character at school, especially during meal times and personal care or responsibility. While working with peers, children tend to be bossy or want to be group leaders. When being placed as team members, they find difficult to collaborate with others.

Relating to the development of ethnic attitude, both groups have strong self-identity and self-esteem in this school community. Even though they are ELLs at school and remain their primary language at home, their self-confidence increases over times. What make them different are the education from home or from parents, the readiness for school, the life skills, and the progress due to frequently skipping school. It is visible in meal times, Japanese students demonstrate their independence, neatness, and table manners while Lebanese counterparts need helps to complete their meal. Some Lebanese students skip many school days for some leisure reason and as its results, they hardly catch up with the class’s progress. Additionally, the level of involvement of parents in their child education and progress make them different. While Japanese parents often find teachers after school to understand about their child’s homework or assignments in order to help them at home, teachers have to search for Lebanese parents to discuss about their child’s progress and issues if any.

The greatest challenge for both of them can be evidenced in gaps in language learning and content learning. On the other hand, ELLs have some limitation in being exposed to another optional world language comparing with their mainstream counterparts. In order to address this issue, our ELL department introduced a new approach called “Inclusion”, which will be tested with some lower grade levels. In this model, ELL teachers will join teaching with some key subject teachers, meaning that ELLs will learn content language with both content and ELL teachers. It benefits both ELL students and teachers since they align with academic and content language.  


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